Showing posts with label Articles. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Articles. Show all posts

Friday, December 14, 2012

Lab Values

Blood Gases
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Normal Value:22-26 mEq/L
Blood pH
Normal Value:7.35-7.45

Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (pCO2)
Normal Value:35-45 mmHg

Partial Pressure of Oxygen (pO2)
Normal Value:75-100 mmHg

Cardiac Enzymes
Creatine Kinase Index (CK-Index)
Normal Value:0-3

Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB)
Normal Value:0-3 ng/ml

Total Creatine Kinase (Total CK)
Normal Value:38-120 ng/ml

Troponin
Normal Value:<0.4 ng/ml


Blood Chemistry
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
Normal Value:7-56 U/L

Albumin
Normal Value:3.5-4.8 U/L

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Normal Value:38-126 U/L

Amylase
Normal Value:30-110 U/L

Anti-streptolysin O Titer (ASO)
Normal Value:
Adult:<125
Child:<250

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
Normal Value:5-35 U/L

Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Normal Value:22-26 mEq/L
Bilirubin
Normal Value:
  • Direct: <0.3 mg/dl
  • Total: 0.2-1.3 mg/dl

Calcium (Ca2+)
Normal Value:8.9-10.4 mg/dl

Chloride (Cl-)
Normal Value:98-110 mEq/L

Cholesterol
Normal Value:120-200 mg/dl

Creatinine (Cre)
Normal Value:0.5-1.4 mg/dl

Gamma GT
Normal Value:8-78 U/L

Glucose
Normal Value:80-110 mg/dL




Lipase
Normal Value:7-60 U/L
Potassium (K+)
Normal Value:3.6-5.0 mEq/L
Sodium (Na+)
Normal Value:137-145 mEq/L

Total Protein
Normal Value:6.3-8.2 gm/dl

Triglycerides
Normal Value:50-250 mg/dl
Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Normal Value:7-21 mg/dl
Uric Acid
Normal Value:3.5-8.5 mg/dl











Cerebral Spinal Fluid

CSF Glucose
Normal Value:50-80 ng/dl

CSF Protein
Normal Value:15-45 mg/dl

CSF RBCs
Normal Value:0/?l

CSF WBCs
Normal Value:0-3/?l


Endocrine

17-Hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS)
Normal Value:<4 mg/day

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)
Normal Value:20-100 pg/ml

Prolactin (PRL)
Normal Value:0-14 ng/ml

Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
Normal Value:0-44 ng/ml


Hematology

CD4+
Normal Value:31-63%
Absolute: 416-1751/?l

Fibrinogen
Normal Value:170-420 mg/dl

Hematocrit (Hct)
Normal Value:
Male:40-52%
Female:37-46%
Child:31-43%

Hemoglobin (Hg, Hgb)
Normal Value:
Male:13.2-16.2 gm/dL
Female:12.0-15.2 gm/dL

Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
Normal Value:31-35 gm/dl

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
Normal Value:18-28 seconds

Platelet Count (Plt)
Normal Value:140-450x103/?l

Prothrombin Time (PT)
Normal Value:12-14 seconds

RBC Mean Cell Volume (MCV)
Normal Value:
Male:82-102 fL
Female:78-101 fL

Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
Normal Value:
Male:4.3-6.2x106/?l
Female:3.8-5.5x106/?l
Child:3.8-5.5x106/?l



Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
Normal Value:
  • Coefficient of variation: 11.5-14.5%
  • Standard deviation: 35-47 fL










White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
Normal Value:4.1-10.9x103/?l
  • Polymorphonuclear (PMN): 35-80%
  • Immature Polys (Bands): 0-10%
  • Lymphocytes (Lymp): 20-50%
  • Monocytes (Mono): 2-12%
  • Eosinophils (Eos): 0-7%
  • Basophils (Bas): 0-2%

Reticulocyte
Normal Value:
Adult:0.5-1.5%
Infant:0.5-3.1%
Newborn:1.1-4.5%




Iron Studies

Ferritin
Normal Value:
Male:18-250 ng/ml
Female:12-160 ng/ml

Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC)
Normal Value:262-474 ?g/dl

Total Serum Iron (TSI)
Normal Value:
Male:76-198 ?g/dl
Female:26-170 ?g/dl

Transferrin
Normal Value:204-360 mg/dl


Thyroid

Free Thyroxine (T4 Free)
Normal Value:0.8-1.5 ng/dl

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Normal Value:0.4-4.5 U/ml

Thyroxine-binding Globulin (TBG)
Normal Value:12-30 mg/L

Total Thyroxine (T4 Total)
Normal Value:5.5-12.3 ng/ml



Total Triiodothyronine (T3 Total)
Normal Value:60-181 ng/ml





Urinalysis

Urine Bilirubin
Normal Value:Negative

Urine Blood
Normal Value:Negative

Urine Ketone
Normal Value:Negative

Urine Leukocytes
Normal Value:Negative

Urine Micro
Normal Value:
  • RBCs: 0-2/HPF
  • WBCs: 0-2/HPF
  • RBC Casts: 0/HPF

Urine Nitrite
Normal Value:Negative

Urine Protein
Normal Value:Negative-Trace

Specific Gravity
Normal Value:1.010-1.030



Urine pH
Normal Value:5-7
Urobilogen
Normal Value:0.2-1.0 Ehr U/dl



Acid Base Mnemonics


Acid Base Disorders

Tuesday, April 24, 2012

6 Good Habits to Lower Your High Blood Pressure

1. Reduce your sodium intake:
We have been taught for generations that a table is not properly set unless there is a cruet set. The mustard pot might be empty, but never the salt and pepper cellars! We need to unlearn the habit of adding salt to our food at the table. It is generally accepted that we get enough naturally occurring sodium in our diet without the use of salt. If more is needed it can be added at the cooking stage. Adding more salt at the table will cause our blood pressure to spike to alarming levels.

2. Quit smoking:
The effect of sodium is immediate and direct. Whereas, with smoking, the affects are indirect and long-term. Smoking constricts the blood vessels which raises our blood pressure because our heart has to work harder to pump blood around our bodies. Giving up smoking is probably one of the hardest habits to unlearn and may take the longest to achieve as we have to be weaned off the addictive constituents in tobacco.

3. Reduce the amount of sodas we drink:
Sodas are sugar sweetened carbonated drinks. Soda has no nutritional value but is full of sugar and additives. These help us to pile on the pounds, particularly as we like to have a soda with our burger and fries or bucket of popcorn or even a pizza delivered to our door. Some experts have suggested that we consume a maximum of three standard glasses of soda a week. Replace your soda with a glass of water, which helps to keep us hydrated and lowers our blood pressure, or green tea which is known for its beneficial effect on our condition.

4. Get some exercise:
Our bodies are designed to be active. 30 to 45 minutes of moderate cardiovascular exercises each day, such as brisk walking, will soon reduce our hypertension. The effect will last for almost 24hours. We need to learn the habit of taking daily exercise, so make it fun. Our general health will benefit from taking regular exercise, so we can expect to improvements in other areas as well.

5. Healthy balanced diet:
We should aim for a healthy balanced diet that is low in sodium and fat and moderate in sugars. The easiest way to cultivate this good habit is to eat five portions fresh fruit and vegetables each day. At least one portion should be a green leafy vegetable. This will ensure we get all the nutrients we need while avoiding the added sodium and fat found in processed foods.
We should learn to eat a potion of oily fish per week and a portion of white fish. Bake, grill or poach the fish, but avoid frying. Lean white meat should be preferred to fatty red meat.

6: Relax:
There is a direct relationship between our mental state and our hypertension. We need to learn to relax. Turn off the cell phone, computer, and television and sit in a comfortable chair and relax for a while. Some people find baroque music relaxing, others prefer to quiet their mind for 20minutes or so. Whichever is your preferred method of relaxing, it is important to take time out for yourself each day.
Acquiring these six good habits will take time. By making each of them a part of your daily life, you will unlearn your bad lifestyle habits and acquire good ones that will help lower your high blood pressure and keep it down.

Sunday, April 22, 2012

How to Lower Uric Acid Level in a Natural Way

  • (1) Drink between 2 and 3 liters of water everyday. Drink small amounts regularly throughout the day. Water helps the kidneys to process and flush uric acid out of the body.
  • Consume a baking soda solution to help dissolve uric acid crystals, and, increase uric acid solubility. Add 1/2 teaspoon of baking soda to 8 oz of water. Mix thoroughly, and drink maximum 8 glasses daily. One before bedtime, one when you get up in the morning, and one every 2 to 4 hours between meals. Repeat until the symptoms have gone.
Note: Since baking soda is high in sodium, change to a salt-free diet whilst taking this remedy. And, if you suffer from high blood pressure, although you can take it as long as you monitor your blood pressure closely, it’s better not to use this remedy at all.
  • Change to a low purine diet. Since uric acid comes from the breakdown of purines, and, purines also exist in our foods, a gout sufferer needs to go onto a diet that is relatively low in purines. This also means avoiding high purine foods completely. The general types of food to avoid are fatty red meats, poultry and some seafood. And, it’s important to avoid alcohol. Beer, in particular, is a trigger for gout. The types of foods that make up a low purine diet are things like; essential fatty acids (e.g. tuna, salmon, etc.), low fat dairy products, complex carbohydrates (e.g. bread, cereal, pasta, rice, vegetables, fruit, etc.), fruits such as cherries, strawberries, blueberries, grapes, etc.

Sunday, February 19, 2012

Monday, February 13, 2012

Whitney Houston, Iconic Pop Star, Dies at 48


Whitney Houston (48) was found dead in Beverly Hills hotel few hours before the pre-Grammy Award party in the hotel which is hosted by music mogul Clive Davis. She is part of the said party’s presentations and has attended rehearsals last weeks. The party, despite of her death, went on.
The cause of her death is not yet known but authorities announced she’s dead at 3:35PM Saturday February 11, 2012.

Whitney Houston, the iconic American singer whose battles with drugs, alcohol and ex-husband Bobby Brown marred her star power, has died. She was 48.
Houston's publicist confirmed the singer's death to ABC News. The cause of death is not yet known.
Representatives from the Beverly Hills Police Department confirmed that the singer died in a hotel room at the Beverly Hilton hotel.
Police got a 911 call from hotel security at 3:43 p.m, P.I.O. Lieutenant Mark Rosen said. Efforts to revive her were unsuccessful and she was pronounced dead at 3:55 p.m. Houston's daughter, Bobbi Kristina, were among the people that were immediately notified of her death.
Rosen said Houston's cause of death has not yet been determined and no "obvious signs of foul play" have been seen.

Friday, February 10, 2012

Disaster Management


In the past two decades, there have been many natural and man made disasters in India. Natural disasters like floods, earthquakes, cyclones, droughts and human made such as terrorist acts, Nuclear or chemical war, fires and industrial accidents. Disasters can significantly lead to a degradation of social and economic progress achieved over decades of initiatives by the people. 80% of countries geographical area is disaster prone and the majority of people live at or below the poverty line.
India has been devastated by three major disasters in last five years- Super Cyclone in Orissa, earthquake in Gujarath and now the latest one the tsunami in the Andaman and Nicober Islands,. Tamilnadu, Andrapradesh and Kerala. Each disaster brought a great deal of miscarry to the affective population.

Friday, January 27, 2012

FALSE Volunteerism: MYTHS & FACTS




















MYTH 5: “Volunteering” in our hospital gives Nurses the requirements to go abroad.

FACT:
The International Council of Nurses’ (ICN) November 2010 Asia Nursing Workforce Forum states that “Volunteer Certificates” are not the same as work experience, and will NOT be recognized abroad.
FACT: There are ZERO reasons to support these EXPLOITATIVE practices. When people tell
you that FALSE Volunteerism is a good thing, this is what you say to them...

by: Ang Nars

Type of Blood You Can Donate

















You Can Save Blood by donating.. Share your Blood and Save Life

Monday, January 9, 2012

30 Essential Linkedin Groups for Nursing Students

Whether you’re looking to find job opportunities or to get some support during the most stressful parts of your nursing education, LinkedIn offers some amazing opportunities for nursing students to reach out to others in the community. Simply create your own profile on LinkedIn and you’ll be able to instantly connect with thousands of other nurses who are already taking part in online discussions through the wide range of groups available on the site. Here, we’ve highlighted just a few of the great relevant groups LinkedIn offers, giving nursing students an easy way to find the support, advice, and information they need to get through nursing school with sanity intact.

Associations and Professional Groups

LinkedIn is a great place to meet other professionals and students. Give these groups a try to find support and guidance and to meet and network with other nurses.
  1. Working Nurse As you’re undoubtedly already learning as a student, nursing can be a demanding career. Through this group, you’ll get a chance to ask questions, share stories, and talk about the profession with others in the field.
  2. ACT Nurses Specialty Group For nurses who want to embrace their spiritual side, this nursing group can offer some support and guidance. Of course, there’s more to offer than that, and there are loads of great posts on issues like time management, staying positive, and getting additional education.
  3. American Nurses Association Join this open group created by the ANA to learn more about what working in nursing is like, meet with other students and professionals, and even find some job listings. You can also get helpful advice on any educational or practical issues you’re having.
  4. Nursing Network Looking to get to know some working nurses a bit better? Consider joining this group. It’s dedicated to serving nursing professionals and other health care staff, and with nearly 8,000 members, there’s a good chance you’ll meet someone working near you.
  5. The R.N. Network This large professional group on LinkedIn caters to professional nurses working in the U.S. and Canada. In the forums, members will find serious discussions about issues that are important to the nursing community, from licensure to nursing trends. It’s a great place to find information and advice for those who are just starting out in their nursing careers.
  6. Nursing Professionals If you want to network with other nurses and students, join this networking group. You’ll get a chance to share experiences and may just learn some new and interesting things about the field.
  7. NurseTogether.com Whether you already make use of the NurseTogether website or want to learn more about it, this group can help and offers a supplementary place to talk about all things nursing.
  8. Nurses, & Computers, Technology & Gadgets Professionals of Healthcare World It’s hard to get by these days without using some kind of technology, but if you’re a nurse who just can’t get enough of gadgets, then check out this group. It can be a great place to learn about the technology that’s helping to change the healthcare industry.
  9. LVN / LPN Professional Nurses Association Those who have LVN and LPN certification can use this group as a place to network, find job openings, and learn more about other elements of working in nursing.
  10. Nursing Network USA Whether you’re an LVN, NP, or RN, you can join this group to network with other professionals and share resources for career advancement.

Job Help

Whether scary or exciting to you, you’re going to graduate at some point and need to find a job that will let you use all of those great nursing skills. These groups are a great way to start doing some networking and job hunting before the last minute.
  1. ADVANCE for Nurses Professional Group Preparing to graduate and on the hunt for a job? This group can be a great place to find information. Members have access to posts about job openings, advice on career strategies, updates about conferences, and a network of professionals to draw on for support.
  2. Hospital Jobs Healthcare & Medical Jobs You’re going to need a job when you graduate, and while health care is one of the fastest growing fields, that doesn’t always mean jobs are easy to come by. Use this group to help you find out about nursing jobs in your area, develop a referral network, and get in touch with other nurses and recruiters in your area.
  3. Health Care Opportunities On the hunt for the perfect post-graduation job? Use this group as a starting point, finding links to dozens of job opportunities that may suit your needs.
  4. Jobs for Nurses The name of this group says it all. It’s a great place to visit for nurses who are on the lookout for new jobs and opportunities in their careers.
  5. Recruit a Nurse Through this group, you’ll get connected with recruiters and hiring managers who can help you find work at hospitals across the U.S.

For Students

There are a number of groups on LinkedIn that cater to the needs of nursing students. Here are a few that will give you some support for school, exams, and entering the professional world.

  1. Nursing Student Network Commiserate about the trials and tribulations of nursing school with your fellow students in this great LinkedIn group. Over 2,000 members talk about their career options, share information about the industry, and talk about their school programs.
  2. NursingLink Users Group Created to unite students and nursing professionals for networking, this group is an excellent place to learn more about nursing, find job opportunities, and even get a little advice on navigating nursing school.
  3. American Nurses Credentialing Center If you want to work as a nurse, you’re going to need to get the right credentials. Learn more about the tests you’ll take and some specialty designations you can get that will help you throughout your career.
  4. Stressed Out Nurses Nursing school can be stressful, as can your first few years on the job while you’re still really learning the ropes. This group offers a place to share the stresses and troubles of working in the nursing field, and to find support from other students and new grads.
  5. MedicalExams.com Find help with acing those nursing exams with this group, focused on providing study services to nurses, doctors, and other medical professionals.

Specialty

Use these groups to learn more about a variety of nursing specialties you may want to choose for your future career.
  1. ENA (Emergency Nurses Association) Thinking of pursuing a career in the fast-paced world of emergency care? This professional association will put you in touch with thousands of other ER nurses around the nation, perfect for networking and getting insights into what the field is really like.
  2. Oncology Nursing Society Check out this professional association’s group to meet up with nurses, case managers, researchers, and other healthcare professionals involved in treating cancer patients.
  3. Nursing Beyond the Bedside Nursing can take place in many settings, some of which you may never have considered as a career before. Learn more about what options are out there from this group focusing on sharing professional opportunities beyond the hospital setting.
  4. Pediatric Nursing If you love working with kids, this group may be a good choice for you. Once you join, you can join the discussions on the site, network for nurses, and learn more about what it takes to be a pediatric nurse.
  5. Travel Nursing Never been the kind of person who likes to stay put? Then travel nursing might be the perfect career for you. Join this group to learn more about the life of a travel nurse.
  6. American Society for Pain Management Nursing Join this group to better understand the practices, research, education, advocacy, and other issues behind pain management in nursing.
  7. International Association of Forensic Nurses Forensic nursing sounds pretty cool, but it’s not always an easy career to break into. Learn more about the field and meet some of the great nurses working in it today through this helpful LinkedIn group.
  8. Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society This group will help you learn tons about the proper care of elderly adults or others with chronic wounds and incontinence problems. Whether you choose to focus on those issues or not in your career, it’s valuable to know many of the issues discussed here.
  9. American Association of Heart Failure Nurses Through this group, you’ll get a chance to explores not only nursing jobs in heart care facilities, but also the research and practices that go into caring for heart patients.
  10. Professional Nurse Educators Group Want to get to know your professors and teachers a bit better or just find some mentors in a new city? This network is the place to do it, with hundreds of teaching nurses as members.

    This entry was posted by
    Jasmine Hall

Monday, February 28, 2011

How to Suction a Tracheostomy Tube



  1. Gather equipment and provide privacy for patient.
  2. Perform hand hygiene.
  3. Assist the patient to a semi-Fowler’s or Fowler’s position if conscious. An unconscious patient should be placed in the lateral position facing you.
  4. Turn suction to appropriate pressure.
    1. Wall unit
  •  Adult: 100 to 120 cm Hg
  • Child: 95 to 110 cm Hg
  • Infant: 50 to 95 cm Hg
    1. Portable unit
  • Adult: 10 to 15 cm Hg
  • Child: 5 to 10 cm Hg
  • Infant: 2 to 5 cm Hg
  1. Place clean towel, if being used, across patient’s chest. Don goggles, mask, and gown, if necessary.
  2. Open sterile kit or set up equipment and prepare to suction.
    1. Place sterile drape, if available, across patient’s chest.
    2. Open sterile container and place on bedside table or overbed table without contaminating inner surface. Pour sterile saline into it.
    3. Hyperoxygenate patient using manual resuscitation bag or sigh mechanism on mechanical       ventilator.
    4. Don sterile gloves or one sterile glove on dominant hand and clean glove on nondominant hand.
    5. Connect sterile suction catheter to suction tubing held with unsterile gloved hand.
  1. Moisten catheter by dipping it into the container of sterile saline, unless it is one of the newer silicone catheters that does not require lubrication.
  2. Remove oxygen delivery setup with unsterile gloved hand if it is still in place.
  3. Using sterile gloved hand, gently and quickly insert catheter into the trachea. Advance about 10 to 12.5 cm (4-5 inches) or until patient coughs. Do not occlude Y-port when inserting catheter.
  4. Apply intermittent suction by occluding Y-port with thumb and index finger of sterile gloved hand as catheter is being withdraw. Do not allow suctioning to continue for more than 10 seconds. Hyperventilate three to five times between suctioning or encourage patient to cough and deep breathe between suctioning.
  5. Flush catheter with saline and repeat suctioning as needed and according to patient’s tolerance of the procedure. Allow patient to rest at least 1 minute between suctioning, and replace oxygen delivery setup if necessary. Limit suctioning events to three times.
  6. When procedure is completed, turn off suction and disconnect catheter from suction tubing. Remove gloves inside out and dispose of gloves, catheter, and container with solution in proper  receptacle. Perform hand hygiene.
  7. Adjust patient’s position. Auscultate chest to evaluate breath sounds.
  8. Record time of suctioning and nature and amount of secretions. Also note character of patient’s respirations before and after suctioning.
  9. Offer oral hygiene.

 

Friday, February 18, 2011

How to fight colds and flu!!!



Many different viruses can cause colds and flu. They are passed on by inhaling infected droplets that have been sneezed or coughed into the air or by touching an area with live infection.


Symptoms of cold & flu
A runny or blocked nose, sore throat, sneezing, cough, headache and mild fever are all signs of the common cold flu symptoms are similar but the fever is usually higher, alternating with chills and accompanied by sweating, aches and pain and fatigue.

Try It: Vitamin D
In a study published recently in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, children who took daily vitamin D supplements (1,200 IU) were 40 percent less likely to get a common flu virus than kids who took a placebo. Laboratory studies indicate that the nutrient may help immune cells identify and destroy bacteria and viruses that make us sick, says Adit Ginde, M.D., M.P.H., a public health researcher at the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Denver. 


Want to try something different?

Here are natural ways to knock out a cold or flu using herbal a remedies.
1. Eat plenty of leeks and green onions.
These herbs have powerful cold fighting properties.You can eat healthy vegetable soup with leeks or green onions in it. This will make you sweat , but don't take a shower whlie you have fever. Just clean your body with wet towel and change the night clothe and sleep well.
2. Take a large clove of Garlic, peel and keep it in your mouth.
Bite down every so-often to release the natural juices. Replace with a new clove every four or five hours. Your cold symptoms should be to gone in twenty four, to forty eight hours.
3. Your nose all stuffed up?
Try eating some hot or spicy foods which should open up those blocked nasal passages and you won't have the rebound effect of taking too many nose drops!
4. Not hungry?
Try a few minutes of vigorous exercise. The increased oxygen demand of your body will almost certainly cause you to breathe deeper and help open-up your blocsked nasal passages naturally.
5. Chest congestion
can be effectively cleared up by breathing a mixture of hot vinegar, or white wine. Breath in the vapors for a few minutes, and you should get relief!
6. Coughs and sore throats can be controlled with several home remedies.
A classic requires a large lemon. Start by slowing roasting it until it just splits open. Now take up to half a teaspoon of honey with the juice from the lemon. Repeat at hourly intervals until the cough is under control.
7. Feel better with elderberry
Elderberry tea to treat respiratory infections, now scientific evidence suggests that taking a standardized elderberry extract can shorten the length of time you're sick by 50 percent.
8. Soothe a sore throat
Drink a tea made of mucilaginous herbs such as marshmallow or slippery elm, which coat the throat.
9. Stop the cough
When you can't quit coughing, drink hot ginger tea. Ginger stimulates circulation and helps clear your sinuses and lungs of mucus. You may also get some relief with the natural cough suppressant, bromelain, an enzyme from pineapple.
10. Breathe easier
One of the best ways to open clogged sinus and bronchial passages is to breathe warm steam to which you've added essential oil of eucalyptus.
Raymond is an author of "How to blast your allergies away forever!". He cured himself of his hay fever, itchy skin and also discovered quick relieve for cold and flu using his original natural remedies. thenaturalremedies.com

Wednesday, February 9, 2011

Reason behind suicide of Sec. Angelo Reyes

Ex-AFP chief commits suicide, police confirm

By Katherine Evangelista
Agence France-Presse, INQUIRER.net
First Posted 08:53:00 02/08/2011

Filed Under: Graft & Corruption, Military, Obituary
MANILA, Philippines—(UPDATE 6) “Sorry.”
That was the last word that former Armed Forces of the Philippines chief of staff Angelo Tomas Reyes apparently uttered as his sons and aides frantically carried him and rushed him to the hospital on Tuesday.
Doctors at the Quirino Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City tried to revive him for 45 minutes but failed.
Reyes, 65, who had also served as defense secretary and in other Cabinet-level posts, died from a single bullet fired into his chest, Health Secretary Enrique Ona said.
Eastern Police's District chief Superintendent Francisco Manalo said investigation showed that the gunshot wound Reyes sustained was “self-inflicted.”
Ona said the wound on the left side of the chest near the heart was the cause of death. "He was dead on arrival (at hospital). They were not able to revive him,” he told reporters.
Reyes, together with his two children and a bodyguard, was visiting his mother’s grave at the Loyola Memorial Park in Marikina City Tuesday morning, Feliciano Recorba, a cemetery maintenance staff, told Radyo Inquirer.
"He asked his children and bodyguard to go ahead and wait for him in the car,” Recorba said. A few moments later, a gunshot rung out, he said.
“Sorry” was the last word Reyes uttered as his shocked children rushed to the scene and found him lying on the ground holding a gun, Recorba said.
“Ang narinig ko po na sinabi niya ay ‘sorry’, palagay ko po ay para sa anak [I heard him say ‘sorry’, perhaps to his son],” he said.
Reyes, who loved his mother very much, had told the Philippine Daily Inquirer in a previous interview that he would never do anything that would besmirch the name of “my good mother.”
Reyes was rushed to the Quirino Memorial Medical Center at around 7:45 a.m., hospital spokesman Dr. Fernando Lopez said.
But Lopez said the former military chief already had no blood pressure, heart beat and respiratory rate, his pupils were dilated, was not breathing and had cold, clammy skin.
A gunshot wound, one centimeter in diameter and with entry point on the left side of his chest, was seen, Lopez said, adding that attempts to revive him failed.
"After 45 minutes, we saw no improvement and Secretary Angelo Reyes was declared dead at 8:32 a.m.," Lopez said.
The family of Reyes pleaded that they be given time to grieve as they asked members of the media not to turn the incident “into a circus.”
And to Reyes’ critics, their message: no flowers, no visits, please.
Reyes, who earlier suffered a mild stroke before the congressional investigations on the alleged AFP financial irregularities, had said he could not take anymore the smear campaign against his name and his family.
“Not my family,” he had said.
Reyes had in recent weeks made headlines after a former military budget officer accused him of siphoning off enormous amounts of money from state coffers while AFP chief of staff from 2000 to 2001.
Reyes was the military chief under then president Joseph Estrada, who was forced to stand down as the nation's leader mid-term after himself being accused of corruption.
Reyes also served as Cabinet secretary and a range of other high-profile positions during previous president Gloria Arroyo's term from 2001 to last year.
He had been secretary of the defense, environment, energy and interior ministries, as well as presidential adviser on anti-smuggling.
President Benigno Aquino III has repeatedly said Arroyo allowed corrupt officials to run rampant during her time as president. Arroyo has denied the allegations.
Reyes' former budget officer in the military, ex-lieutenant colonel George Rabusa, last week accused his then boss of receiving P50 million ($1 million) in send-off money from an illegal slush fund when he retired in 2001.
Reyes also regularly received millions of pesos in unaudited monthly allowances during his term, Rabusa told a Senate inquiry into alleged military corruption.
Reyes was among the top 10 graduates of the Philippine Military Academy Class ’66. He graduated as the class valedictorian in high school.
He went on to obtain two masteral degrees: Masters in Business Administration from Asian Institute of Management in 1973 and a Master of Public Administration from Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1991.
He took up International Defense Management Course in Monterey, California in 1983.
In 1987, he graduated No. 1 in Trust Operations Management Course conducted by the Trust Institutes Foundation of the Philippines at the Ateneo Business School, which eventually earned him a scholarship to the Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois. With reports from Cynthia Balana, Nancy Carvajal, Inquirer; Radyo Inquirer 

source: Inquirer.net 



EXPLANATION
Suicide is the act of deliberately taking one's own life.

In response to Sec. Angelo Reyes who commits Suicide yesterday he has a extremely emotional pain, GUILT, and suicidal thoughts and feelings due to various brain chemistry deficiencies and/or disorders.
Prolonged life circumstances of extreme stress, emotional upset, terrible living conditions.

Suicidal thoughts are an involuntary affliction !  We don't choose to think them.  Suicidal thoughts just enter, they just come into your mind on their own.Suicidal thoughts are VERY ACTIVE and have tremendous emotional power ! They push you, urge you, compel you towards suicide.

The bottom line is that...



Untreated Depression !!
is a major cause of suicide.

Prognosis

Suicide attempts and threats should always be taken seriously. About one-third of people who attempt suicide will repeat the attempt within 1 year, and about 10% of those who threaten or attempt suicide eventually do kill themselves.
Mental health care should be sought immediately. Dismissing the person's behavior as attention-seeking can have devastating consequences.

Prevention

Avoiding alcohol, narcotics, sedatives that have not been prescribed, and illegal drugs can help prevent suicide. These substances affect the brain and can make the depression worse over time.
In homes with adolescents:
  • All prescription medicines should be kept secure.
  • Do not keep alcohol in the home, or keep it locked up.
  • Securely lock all guns and keep the ammunition separate.
Many people who attempt suicide talk about it before making the attempt. Sometimes, simply talking to a sympathetic, nonjudgmental listener is enough to prevent the person from attempting suicide. For this reason suicide prevention centers have telephone "hotline" services. Again, do not ignore a suicide threat or attempted suicide.
Do not leave the person alone even after phone contact with an appropriate professional has been made.